What is the term used to describe the combined process of recycling, composting, and energy recovery?

The correct term that encompasses the combined processes of recycling, composting, and energy recovery is "Recovery." This term refers to efforts aimed at reclaiming materials or energy from waste processes, making it a critical aspect of sustainable waste management. Recovery includes various activities that divert waste from landfills and promote the reuse of valuable resources, thereby reducing the overall environmental impact.

Recycling specifically pertains to the processes of converting materials like paper, metal, and plastics back into reusable raw materials, while composting is focused on the biological decomposition of organic matter. Energy recovery involves capturing energy from waste materials, which can be used to generate electricity or heat. Though these processes are vital, they are all parts of the larger recovery framework, emphasizing the importance of maximizing resource use and minimizing waste.

Waste Minimization and Waste Management are broader concepts. Waste Minimization refers to practices that reduce waste generation at the source, while Waste Management encompasses all activities involving the handling, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste. Therefore, while these terms are related, Recovery distinctly captures the integrated nature of recycling, composting, and energy recovery as key strategies in waste processing and environmental sustainability.